How We Got Our Bible L10

Opening

Colossians Chapter 2. Now, what we're gonna do this morning is, let's see, hey Brother Austin. Good to see ya. Let's see. Hey! What? Welcome back. Oh, what are you mad? Our explorers. Amen. Okay. Brother Brett, we're in Colossians 2.8, and what we're doing is we're in the era of corruption, so I'd like to get out of this era, but there's a lot in there. So I'd like to get out of it, and I'd move on to kind of more of the history of how it moved through the Middle Ages, and we will, but this is just a necessary part of it. And so we're kind of still studying those first few centuries after Christ, and we're gonna hit, we left off last week talking about some of the Gnostic corruptions.

We just hit a couple of them. There were many of them. And so we're gonna continue on that this week to talk a little bit about the originistic school at Alexandria that moved to Caesarea, and then move into some other things. Give you a couple exemplars from that era. Okay? Brother Brett, it's good to see you. Would you please open us in prayer? Thank you. Thank you, Lord. Thank you, Lord, for the opportunity to be here. We're going to send a word to the fellowship. You have a few of these people today. We have a few of them. We have a few of them. All right. We all have a few.

The Lesson

All right. Thank you. We all have a few of them. amen Colossians 2.8 beware it tells us to beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit and the spoil means to ruin you a Christian can be ruined a Christian can be ruined a kid can be ruined right we used to say spoil the child right you can ruin them and he said beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit after the tradition of men after the rudiments of the world that's the fundamentals of the world you see that word rudiment that's where we get the word rudimentary it's another word for fundamental but a little more precise to mores excuse me yeah but more like yeah colloquial wisdom or common sense or the morals that people live their life by okay and so he says after the rudiments of the world and not after Christ and so he says beware lest any man spoil you why well because there was a lot of spoiling going along around in the early centuries and as christianity entered a very philosophical world very mystical world a world where everyone had their own religion and we have examples of that so in the new testament the biggest thing that paul dealt with was he dealt with people trying to judaize the christians right or they tried to make old testament jews or new testament jews out of christians and so that's the big thing that paul deals with but everywhere the bible went you would get that you would have that issue so if you went to a greek area they would try to mix philosophy with christianity if you went to a persian area they would try to mix like zoroastrianism with christianity and so they would the christianity especially before everybody had a copy of all the scriptures tended to kind of morph into what the area that it came into that's and that was very common and that's why it was important to establish what the word of god was and what it wasn't okay and so he says beware listening to me and spoil you now this is where we left off last week and we're talking about origin born in 180 something 185 AD and died 252 253 depends whose calendar you're looking at in Caesarea of palestine and what you're going to notice is that the corruptions that we're talking about in the scripture they mainly came out of a couple areas they came out of egypt and they came out of palestine now that ought to be very instructive for the christian ought to be very instructive because the bible when it talks about egypt 99.5% of the time it's negative you're not even supposed to go down to egypt to get a horse that king of israel is not to take the children of israel back to egypt they're not to learn the manner of the egyptians all right and so the philosophical schools that influence these early corruptions and bear in mind when we say corruptions we're not talking about that the bible was corrupted we're saying that some copies there was an attempt to corrupt them okay i want to i want to make that very clear okay they had the word of god many people had the word of god you have to you have to remember that when these guys were in their studies messing with the word of god bible believing christians were taking it and preaching it all right by the time that origin was deciding that galatians 3 1 should be butchered that matthew 17 21 was a gloss from another gospel and should be removed by the time origin decided that in 230 ad the bible had already been to spain the bible had already been to britain the bible had already been up to the danube had already been all over north africa the bible was already in persia right so you have to remember that these guys are not early they're johnny come lately's right christ said go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature so we want to always remember that and but when we talk about origin right we say that origin applied as mystical understanding to determine what god's words really said and meant and he was kind of the father he's what we call the father of textual criticism the father of textual criticism and he believed in a sense that he that the educated or the very spiritual had a form of secret knowledge to interpret the scripture and that he was qualified in a way that other people were not all right now remember what we said last week that very early on you had these gnostic sects that were that were corrupting the scriptures so origin had different copies in front of him and he had to decide which one he thought was right okay and often times he applied his own philosophy and human understanding to that and he was kind of the father of that of well that just doesn't seem to fit there i'm serious and he did that stuff now persecution prompted him to establish a school at caesarea and his work was continued by a guy named pamphlets and then eusebius then is the father of church history he's the one that wrote the life of constantine in the first church history these guys established a school a catechal school and a library which they say by the time it was taken over by the muslims in the 6th or 7th century that there were about 30,000 books in that library and this library was referred to by many of the elite and many of the educated in the greek world once again keep in mind that while these guys were doing this the gospel had made it to britain the gospel had made it to germany you understand that or what they would call what we call germany and so always remember that but now when we talk about origin and i think i might have some notes on his school here right did we go over this already the catechal school at alexandria was established in the 2nd century i think we went over that but what we just want to remember is that questioning revealed truth was very common in alexandria it was the home of the great synagogue where they had already messed with the hebrew old testament and it was the home of apostate jews it was the center of greek learning in the ancient world and the other the other place where there was a catechal school in the early church just take a wild guess where it was besides alexandria take your bible and turn to acts turn to acts chapter 11 acts chapter 11 so there was a major school of a catechal school a training school at alexandria which moved to caesarea in 232 a.d and then there was one other place where christians were trained and sent out as missionaries and it's in acts chapter 11 acts chapter 11 and look at verse 24 for he was a good man speaking of barnabas and full of the holy ghost and of faith and much people was added to the lord then departed barnabas to tarsus for to seek saul who's saul name was changed too all right and when he had found him he brought him to where right that's antioch of syria it was a major city it was a major city in the greco-roman world at one time i think it had maybe up to 250,000 people and it says this and when he had found him he brought him to antioch and it came to pass antioch is where like if you're looking on a map antioch would be like if you're looking at the at the at the mediterranean right so like here be egypt down here right and here's pal and here's here's palestine right antioch's in this area right here all right so it's antioch of syria antioch of syria right and that's right as kind of the mediterranean kind of curves around and it says this in verse 26 and when he had found him he brought him unto antioch and it came to pass that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church and taught much people and the disciples were called what christians first in antioch not alexandria was the center of early christianity look at acts chapter 13 acts chapter 13 verse 1 now there were in the church that was at what antioch certain prophets and teachers and barnabas and simeon that was called that's niger just in case you're wondering and lucius of syrene and manan who had been brought up with herod the tetrarch and saul and they as they ministered to the lord and fasted the holy ghost said separate me barnabas and saul for the work run to have called them the first missionaries were sent out of antioch right when they came back when they came back from their missionary journey they reported to the church at antioch so antioch very quickly right superseded jerusalem as the as the in fact jerusalem there was a lot of heresy coming out of jerusalem they had to actually go to jerusalem and correct things where people were trying to make jews out of gentiles right in the church and so the lord moved the church out of israel right that place was leveled in 70 a.d he moved them out of that land and nothing spiritual has come out of there ever since nothing will be spiritual there until the lord jesus christ comes back and so the first christians were sent out of antioch now that's just a note i think something that you need to keep in mind and the thing about the catechal school is its purpose was to supply now we're talking about alexandria its purpose was to supply defenders of the christian faith that was its perfect purpose but the way they did that is they united there was a union between theology and philosophy and you can read this from some of the early preachers in that period that they viewed alexandria with suspicion cyprian was one of them clement was another one tertullian was another one other bishops in the area other preachers in the area said we don't like what's going on over there right because what they were trying to do is they're trying to make christianity palatable to the intellectual palatable to the philosopher and so we read about this kind of stuff and but the supporters of pantoneus as one man wrote looked on this philosophy as a gift of god or as a work of divine providence in other words we are to find and understand revealed truth through philosophy that's what they believed and they believed that revealed religion and philosophy understood and explained that way there can be no antagonism to that and now when clement of alexandria took over a lot of pagans attended the school there that was about 192 a.d and the reason he did that is he wanted the philosophers to embrace the christian faith right but the problem with that is that he messed with the word of god to do so all right it's a big problem now we're not going to get into a lot of details we just want to remember that the first great figures of the church in egypt they were scholars they weren't preachers they weren't gospel preachers and really their lives work it was a work of integration where they integrated they integrated christianity with heathenism look at first corinthians chapter one first corinthians chapter one and first corinthians chapter one and the bible is very clear about this first corinthians chapter one and verse twenty one for after that in the wisdom of god what's the bible say the world by wisdom what knew not god it pleased god by the foolishness of what preaching to save that which believe just always remember that the gospel moves by preaching and simple teaching of the word of god not by the scholar not by the doctor not by the guy behind the desk always remember that jesus christ was he a teacher yeah but he was a preacher he was an evangelist and it's a hallmark that nothing has changed nothing has changed okay go online and listen to guys that criticize and cut up your bible okay look at them okay they've spent their lives behind a desk they've probably never pounded a nail yeah and most of them have never let a soul to jesus christ yeah and so now i'm now i'm trying not to preach here all right but okay now that's enough that's that there's a lot there but i don't want to get too far into it origin right here's just examples of his textual criticism right he omits the son of god right mark chapter 1 verse 1 the beginning of the gospel of jesus christ the son of god right that's the right he admitted the son of god because he said that's not mark's style mark wouldn't have written that someone must have added that later right he believed that ephesians won one he didn't believe that ephesians was written to the book of exodus that's excuse me ephesus that's the first stage in rejecting a bible book is not knowing who wrote it or who it was addressed to and his reasoning is because there was no one greeted by name in the book therefore it was not written to any one church so he took at ephesus out problem with that is there's other epistles where no one's greeted by name but this is just the stuff people do now he messed with the lord's prayer these are just a few examples right look at galatians chapter three now we're trying to get through this era of corruption but you got to see it galatians chapter three because god protected his word from these guys he protected it he didn't just protect it from the heretics and he didn't just protect it from the orthodox who tried to make it easier to understand he protected it from self-appointed critics that thought they knew what the bible should say right galatians chapter three verse one oh foolish galatians who hath bewitched you that you should not obey the truth before whose eyes jesus christ hath been evidently set forth crucified among you all right what does he say he says who hath bewitched you that you should not obey the truth you see that clause that you should not obey the truth he took that out says that's that's unnecessary redundant and repetitive right what the problem with that is he messed with the doctrine he messed with the doctrine what the bible says in john 17 it says sanctify them through thy truth thy word is truth but not only that look at galatians chapter 1 look at galatians chapter 1 paul's saying paul's saying that you should not obey the truth and the truth he's talking about is the truth of the gospel that he delivered to them galatians 1 verse 11 but i certify you brethren that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man for i neither received it of man neither was i taught it but by revelation of jesus christ this is a very important new testament doctrine that paul was given his truth directly from jesus christ he didn't get it from the apostles he certainly didn't get it from peter the first pope in fact he actually goes to jerusalem to tell peter and james and john not to rome by the way he goes to jerusalem to tell peter james and john what the lord had revealed to him right and so and why is this important well because when you go to galatians chapter 2 look at galatians chapter 2 and look at what it says here in verse 11 but when the look at it galatians 2 11 but when the vicar of christ the first pope was come to is that what it says by the way no it says when peter was come to antioch i was stood him to the face because he was to be blamed so paul's chewing out the first pope for before that certain came from james he did eat with the gentiles okay we know that peter he separated from the from the gentiles when the jews came right okay now look what it says in verse 14 but when i saw that they walk not up rightly according to the what the truth of the gospel that's the gospel that was revealed to paul that the gentiles and the jews are fellow heirs right he talks about that in ephesians he said you didn't walk according to the truth of the gospel and they're still being pressured by saved jews to keep the law okay the one that really brought the church out of that was the apostle paul with his revelation right very important so in galatians three verse one and i don't i have i you know i didn't check what where what where this is at in some of the new versions i'm just going off how origin edited the greek text here okay but that you should not obey the truth the reason that's important is because he's referring to something that he's been talking about in the last two chapters it's not redundant it's the truth that he revealed them why because the galatians are going back to the law right and so paul set for the truth of jesus christ the truth of the gospel to them to free them from that right that's not an unnecessary clause reinforces paul's doctrine and the doctrine revealed to him right but he just thought it shouldn't be there so out it goes this is the kind of stuff you're dealing with okay now when we talk about and this will help because i've already shown some examples up on the on my timelines but i want to go over some of the manuscripts from that era okay so we'll kind of cruise through some of these okay this is saint catherine's monastery on the sinai peninsula very old very old and this is where one of the great unseals was found now the great unseals and i'll just say this really quick because the bite that your bible excuse me who knew it was on the floor right so like so like let's see if i can do a good one here yeah so like okay since everybody knows this one right all right agape right so on that this is what we call a cursive this is what we call a cursive all right it's it's it's small just like in our language see that's the cursive or if i did it in capitals right it'd be cursive like that okay so then but if you wrote it in cap in unseals or majuscules these are called minuscules or majuscules it would be more like then the gamma would be like this and then i'm gonna run out of room here excuse me sorry something like that okay right and then it's some of them get really weird right like this in unseals is this some of them get really weird okay so that's all when i talk about the great unseals the early manuscripts a lot of them were written in capitals not in cursives now the other thing about them that's that's that's kind of interesting is they're written with no spacing between the words yes so it's really fun to try to read it all right and to give you an example and this was shown to me years ago it's not original but it's still fun right so if i wrote like this what is that what is that yeah there it is good see i saw a oh excuse me abundance on the table right or what or i saw a bun dance on the table right so that is the fun thing with unseals were not written to be really the those manuscripts and the ones that we have they're written on most of them are written on vellum which is super expensive i'm going to show you some pictures of this next week super interesting but they're written on basically calf skin or antelope skins there's and there's a latin bible that was produced in england in the 7th century it took 1600 calf skins to make one bible and so super expensive right but they'd last a long time but your early bibles were not put on vellum in fact they started using vellum at the school of caesarea right to make them last longer that's why some of the documents that they produced we still have around but your early bible was written on papyrus which is made out of reeds and it would last 25 50 maybe 100 years plus it was being passed around and we've already talked about this right but these they weren't made for portability readability they were definitely not made to be thrown in your pack and take it out to witness to somebody they were made to sit in a library or a church somewhere they were made for the scholars and the ecclesiastics the bishops and the pope they were not made for the day in and day out infantrymen the christian soldier another thing to remember okay but here they are here's some of them all right now we got sinneaticus now sinneaticus and this is if even if you google it'll be called the world's oldest bible and the manuscripts they're lettered all right and they're normally lettered close to their age so we have manuscript a b c d like this but when they discovered sinneaticus we already knew about these ones and sinneaticus was they thought was older than any of these so by this time we already had like 200 uncials so they didn't want to give this old manuscript number 232 so they went back to the beginning and they gave it a Hebrew character so it's called aleph the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet okay sinneaticus now it was discovered by Constantine von Tischendorf in 1844 in St.

Closing

Catherine's monastery and in 1844 and I'll tell you this it's it's an Indiana Jones type story according to him they there were 19 pages that they were going to throw that they were getting ready to burn and he said let me look at those he found them and he found them to look like a very old Greek Old Testament so he took those took them back to Russia showed them to the Caesar and they went back a few years later and tried to make a deal to get the rest of them they got the rest of them quite a long time later to this day to this day St. Catherine's monastery said that he stole them all right and they have produced a receipt showing that he promised to bring them back but you know once he got them out of there they never went back there's a lot of fishy stuff about this manuscript but we call it Sinaiticus all right and it's it doesn't it's it's it's held in the British it's it's held in different places because of all the fighting over it but it's held at the British library Leipzig St.

Catherine's monastery and a few pages even at the Russian National Library in Moscow all right it's dated from 340 to 325 AD and I do this on purpose origination is in other words where it was copied they guess Egypt Caesarea or Rome they don't know they don't know and by the way most of this is guesswork okay Sinaiticus contains nearly the whole Old and New Testament and the Apocryphal books now it has it's the most corrected manuscript that we have there's over 27,000 corrections in it and there's many words in there that have been corrected or erased or two and three and four times okay so and a lot of the corrections are actually from the original scribe he wrote the word one way and then for some reason he's like I've got another manuscript that says this and so he corrected it so it's old but in a sense it's unreliable because you have so many different readings in the margin and alternate readings they call it but these are the great unsteals I'm showing you these because and I didn't bring it here this morning but when you have a modern version you'll get a footnote that'll say the oldest and best manuscripts or some ancient versions read this you've seen that right it's a little footnote right this is these are the ones they're talking about I'm showing them to you today these are these are the oldest most reliable manuscripts okay so the great unsteals right we're still at this is an example this is actually taken from an apocryphal book these are what are called colophons these are notes by a scribe and then they have different diacritical marks showing you alternate readings right so it's it's very it's very corrected and messed with now because of the suspicious nature of how they found it and where it came from the actual dates on Sinaiticus can be anywhere from 340 AD to some people I've even got a book up in my office where the guy says it's it was actually forged in 1844 and I don't know about that but they've given it all different sorts of dates all right now here's here's the big one all right and this is now not taking anything away from this it's a beautiful thing right this was on display in Warsaw in 2015 you don't get to see this or touch this is called Vaticanus named after the Vatican where it showed up in the Vatican library in 1481 in the Vatican library catalog and it's been referred to and people knew about it but the reason we found out about it is because the man that gave you the first printed Greek New Testament Erasmus that was translated into all the Protestant era Bibles he wrote a letter to the head librarian at the Vatican and said hey what books you got there that I can refer to what readings in this text and they had correspondence going on and this is where he found out about this but up until modern times no one was allowed to look at this thing but it's called Vaticanus it just showed up there supposedly hanging out there for a long time but it's early history is unknown after it came probably from Constantinople after the council of Florence around the time that the Byzantine empire fell it's been corrected by three scribes but it has an unknown providence as well they don't know anything about its history so it's been dated anywhere from 350 325 all the way up to 1000 AD it contains the Old Testament and the New Testament lacking 2nd Timothy Philemon part of Hebrews and Revelation this is another one of the great unseals here's another one this is called Codex Beza or Codex D this is one I don't show you the other page but this is one where the Greek is on one side this one has a more secure date of about 400 AD and it's at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom it contains the Gospels and Acts here's where they think it came from it either came from France Italy North Africa Egypt Palestine or Beirut so you know basically it came from the world it was kept in Lyon France we know this since the 9th century and then when the Huguenots in the Huguenots War during the Reformation they took it from a Catholic library and brought it to one of the reformers named Theodore Beza that's where it gets its name and it's called Beza Cantabrigiensis because it's because you can't say it in English right because it's kept at the University of Cambridge and it was owned by Beza it's a western type free text so it has a lot of unique old readings probably what this was is this came from the days when a preacher would have a Greek Bible which would be in the original languages but he had a Latin congregation like in North Africa or Spain or Gaul right or parts of Italy and he would translate that portion of scripture himself into Latin for his people because they didn't speak Greek all right and so these Latin texts these texts like this they have a freer interpretative kind of text all right now here's another one Alexandrinus we can figure out what that's named for right it's named for Alexandria it contains the entire Old Testament and 27 books of the New Testament this one has kind of an interesting story Cyril Lucar was the patriarch of Constantinople during the reformation so when Europeans were throwing off the chains of the Catholic church with Martin Luther and Ulrich Vinglai right and John Knox and all the reformers there were some men within the Greek Orthodox church that wanted reformation in the Greek Orthodox church and one of them was the patriarch of Constantinople his name was Cyril Lucar he was basically the pope of the Greek Orthodox church patriarch of Constantinople he pushed hard for reformation but in the east the Greek church has always been subject to the state and there's a lot of power there and he was actually assassinated janissaries assassins the private guard of the Ottoman emperor actually strangled this guy in a boat but he got a hold of this manuscript that was supposedly produced by an old monastery on the island of Athos way back in the early 5th or late 4th century and he brought this back and was able to get it to King James of all people in 1624 he brought he said well I don't know what my people are going to do with this he was very sympathetic to what was going on in England and in Germany with the reformation and trying to teach justification by grace through faith and this guy the pope of the Greek Orthodox church I believe he was saved he said we're only justified by the faith of Christ and they killed him for it but not before he got this manuscript out and brought it to England it was kind of a cool story and there's told you about this one this is held in the National Library of France it's dated to the 5th century these are the old worshipped texts these are the ones they used to correct the simple straightforward text witnessed to by the vast majority of manuscripts because of the age of these it's well known that these were produced in the age of corruption we know that what happened was the Bible took on much more of a standardization as the corruptions were weeded out okay but this is now this one is interesting it's named Ephraim rewritten because there's a page from it there's there's actually what because this material was so expensive they would reuse it so what you have behind what you have behind that text there is you have the old text that they had blotted out in order to write this commentary on okay and that was not discovered till Tischendorf found it in 1840 and he applied a chemical to it and then that old Bible came out now my question to you is that was done in the 12th century 800 years after that text was written and my question to you is why would they do that to an 800 year old text right this one's been correct had at least three correctors call them C1 C2 C3 and but it is the least studies of studied of them okay these are what we call the great unseals now I show you those for a reason you all right you just had a very brief overview of what they're talking about when they say ancient manuscripts that's what they're talking about okay now one more thing and that is the papyrus fragments discovered in Egypt so there's 141 registered fragments of the New Testament this is an area called Nag Hammadi in Egypt it's in upper Egypt when we say upper Egypt we mean up the river right so it's actually southern Egypt or central Egypt but it's upper Egypt because it's upstream from lower Egypt so lower Egypt is right next to the ocean this Gnostic heartland of Egypt in other words they've discovered libraries here that house the great Gnostic Gospels right the people that believe that Jesus Christ ceased to be God on the cross that Jesus Christ was created by God that God cannot be manifest in the flesh all this sort of stuff this is ground zero for the Gnostics all right in Egypt and there's 141 registered fragments of the New Testament papyrus they're dated from 150 to 700 AD all right now here's an example all right these are called the oxyrhynchus papry now these were discovered by these guys don't they look like Indiana Jones man yeah they're over there digging around in the desert that would be fun and they got course back then you know they got all the guys working for them for peanuts you know that's an old dump literally an old dump and they were doing this around the end of the 19th century early 20th century early 1900s and they found they have so far constructed 5,000 manuscripts of all types most of the manuscripts they found here were like receipts bills they even found a piece of paper where a guy agreed to throw a fight yeah I mean all sorts of stuff you know they bribed a guy all sorts of stuff but nothing new under the sun but there were some biblical pieces in there alright less than 2% of these fragments have been collated as of 2025 because they're digging around in the dirt and most of the fragments are the size of corn flakes right so I mean yeah so that's papyrus fragments right there they've reconstructed less than 2% of those most of them are not biblical manuscripts but there are a few in there okay now what do we know about they're all over the world the dates are 300 BC to 600 AD but most of the discoveries are non literary in nature I think I already told you about this but what's interesting about the papyrus fragments that they find in Egypt they're accompanied they're not just scripture they're accompanied with a lot of other Gnostic scriptures like the Gospels of Thomas the Gospel of Peter the Gospel of James the Gospel of Mary the Acts of Paul and Thekia all these ones that we read the Acts of Peter these are made up Gospels right these are people post John right that were inventing their own religion right it's a very fanciful spiritual mystical era all right now when we there's another group of fragments that are found around this Nag Hamadi area all right and they're discovered some of them were discovered in a graveyard in 1945 and they were found around these monastic libraries that housed these old Gnostic manuscripts right including the Apocryphon of James the Apocryphon of Paul that means the hidden secret of James what these things are is that they're basically like the Book of Mormon right so Jesus said this to the disciples in the first four Gospels but then he appeared secretly to James and told them stuff just for him right you get into all sorts of weird stuff but these are this is the Gnostic world okay in those manuscripts they have found and around those manuscripts they have found some pieces of the Bible now and I will tell you what happened in about 1870 1840 to 1870 in this country and in England they started restudying these old rejected manuscripts that I've showed you they started restudying them and they were proven by very able scholars that they were representative of a corrupted text and that the Bible that the church had for 1500 years was indeed the word of God they were proven to be corrupted all right then they found these papyrus manuscripts they enthusiastically dated them to 150 to 200 AD and when I say enthusiastically dated right I mean just that right because they're dated what we call paleographically they're dated by the writing style they're not carbon dated they're not dated by the other books that they find right they might find a book in there with a receipt from 450 AD they're not dated that way they're dated from the way the scribe wrote a gamma or wrote a delta or wrote an upsilon that's how they're dated and it's very subjective so after their favorite manuscripts have been shown to be corruptions they discovered these papyrus manuscripts which sometimes agree with the oldest and best and they well they pooped their pants basically is what they did because they felt oh now we have proof now we have proof for sure right well you know give it some time give it some time most of these now have been proven to not be as old as they said they were now even if they are old it doesn't matter they came from gnostic areas of Egypt that we know and we have historical record that they corrupted the word of God okay but we call them the Bodmer Papri and the Beattie Papri which now has been shown that they're really the same bunch from the same area all right they're called the Dishna Papers all right original dates were given as 150 to 700 AD now most of them we know that they were 350 and latter but here's here's an interesting thing they have the starogram in them the starogram is this right here right it's where they take this is tau all right it's where they take a row and then this is the Greek or like that right which is where you get this right here in all the Orthodox churches all right all right let me just tell you something all right this kind of stuff along with statues of Mary right and the bones of Saint Peter all right this has nothing to do with the word of God all right what you're doing is you're finding people that were a corporate incorporating symbolism and I know they love to talk about the fish right but they're incorporating symbolism into the word of God which took over the church took over the church and so that starogram we know probably was not in use until the fourth century but those manuscripts have when they would have when they would have the cross instead of putting the word for cross they just put the symbol of the cross like that and so more and more we're seeing that they're not as old as they said they were and I'm going to show you this and we're going to be done I know this was a little heavy today okay I would like just as much as you to not be in here with these guys but you do need to hear this you need to hear now let me give you an example okay once again go to Mark chapter you go to Mark chapter 9 verses 9 through 16 and a new version and they'll put a note down there that says the oldest and best ancient witnesses do not have these last 8 verses in here that's it or last 12 verses it's not 9 through 16 it's 9 through 20 last 12 verses in here right these are the things that they're talking about not there's no Mark in the papyrus fragments but in those unseals okay I just want to show you that when they tell you about the oldest and best manuscripts here's an example of the oldest and best manuscripts in the Lord's prayer in Luke chapter 11 okay all right and he said to them use not their petitions as the rest for some oppose that they shall be heard for their much speaking but see that's in brown that's because in Luke chapter 11 that isn't in Luke chapter 11 that's in Matthew that's in Matthew chapter 6 it was added by manuscript D into Luke chapter 11 right manuscript A B ALF C and P75 don't have it in there you go a little further but when ye pray our father which art in heaven now you see the red our father which art in heaven is omitted in Pappers fragment 75 it's omitted in Vaticanus manuscript and it's omitted in Aleph but it's retained in Alexandrinus Ephraim Rescriptus and Codes Beza right so some of the manuscripts say but when ye pray say father hallowed be thy name they take out which art in heaven all right go down a little further hallowed be thy name thy kingdom come okay here's another part of the prayer thy will be done as in heaven so in earth right that part of it is omitted in Vaticanus and Papyrus Framus 75 but it's retained in Aleph Alexandrinus Ephraim Scriptus and Beza but we're not done right give us this day that word give there takes a different form in these two manuscripts but retains the form in these manuscripts this day by day and our sins and everyone that is indebted to us is only in manuscript D and then when we get to the bottom and lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil that's again in these three but not in these three these guys never agree with themselves at all the oldest and best all vary from each other right why because they come out of that era when there was not a standardized text right when every little cult group in their corner did whatever they want with the text that came into their hand right this is what people what but if we accept that the oldest and best are corrupted texts we have to go back to trusting what God gave us right and then what would we do well those chubby handed fat faced professors would be out of a job that's what that's what and where are we here oh gee why did you guys tell me okay that's the oldest and best okay next week what we're going to do is we're going to get further along into how the Lord we're going to get into the history of it among groups and in monasteries and show you a lot of pictures of those old Bibles which I'm really excited about I think we'll first have to hit that only two of all of the thousands of manuscripts that exist only two really major manuscripts don't have the ending of Mark in them right and what that does is that just shows us that those manuscripts aren't trustworthy at all they're not trustworthy at all they're very corrupt okay father we love you